I feel like there are probably some ad based search engines which are privacy and service oriented, but in general even for those there remains a misalignment problem. Hence if I don’t want to be a product now or in the future, what good search engines are there that I can pay for?
I think you’d be right that the direct cost of running the crawler and index would not be the issue. But fighting SEO to keep your results decent is probably a cost that dwarfs the basic technical cost of running the crawler and index.
And you’d need a technical security team on top of things as link farms aren’t your only risk, I’m sure there are countless ways to manipulate the algorithm to put your site on top that Google probably have multiple teams working on fighting it full time.
Many of these things would likely not be a problem for a startup, though. No one is paying SEO firms big money to get into a search index no one has heard of and hardly anyone uses, so these costs probably grow exponentially over time as you become more well known.
Yeah, and on the smaller / earlier side of a theoretical search engine company, google offers their api for free. I think this is actually another one of the biggest contributors to why nobody has tried to make a new search engine with their own index. Why waste hundreds of thousands of dollars in hardware, and even more on personnel costs, when you can just have google do it for you instead?
Yes offering everything for free to prevent competition has been a surprisingly effective strategy for Google.